Aphids suna daya daga cikin kwari da suka fi kowa kuma suna lalata a cikin greenhouses. Shin kun taɓa ganin ƙananan ƙwari suna taruwa akan ganyayen ganye, suna tsotse ruwan tsiron? Waɗannan ƙananan kwari ba kawai suna barazana ga lafiyar shuka ba har ma suna yada ƙwayoyin cuta na shuka, suna yin tasiri sosai ga amfanin amfanin gona da inganci. A cewar binciken, barkewar aphid na iya haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin gona da kashi 50% -80, wanda ke haifar da hasarar tattalin arziki mai yawa ga manoma. Sarrafa aphids yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye amfanin gona mai koshin lafiya.Bi CFGET don saniyadda za a hana aphid infestations, da kuma abin da za a yi idan sun bayyana.
Yadda Aphids ke Barazana Amfani da amfanin gona na Greenhouse
* Tsotsar Tsirrai
Aphids suna amfani da sassan bakinsu don huda matasa ganye da masu tushe na shuke-shuke, suna tsotsa ruwan. Sun fi son sabon girma mai taushi, wanda zai iya tasiri sosai ga ci gaban shuka. Ba tare da isassun abubuwan gina jiki ba, tsire-tsire suna nuna ganyaye masu lanƙwasa, masu tsinke, ko bushewar ganye. Mummunan cutar aphid na iya rage yawan amfanin gona sosai, kuma a wasu lokuta, tsire-tsire na iya mutuwa.
* Yada Cututtukan Tsirrai
Aphids sune masu ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke da ikon yada ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban sama da 150, gami da kwayar cutar mosaic cucumber (CMV) da ƙwayar cuta ta guna necrotic. Amfanin amfanin gona da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ke kamuwa da su galibi suna nuna nakasu da raguwar girma, suna rage darajar kasuwa sosai. Da zarar kwayar cutar ta yadu, za ta iya kamuwa da wasu tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouse cikin sauki, ta yadda za a iya sarrafa shi da wahala.
* Sirrin Ruwan Zuma Da Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa
Aphids suna ɓoye wani abu mai sukari da ake kira honeydew, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa haɓakar ƙwayar cuta, musamman sooty mold. Wannan nau'in yana rufe ganyen shuka, yana toshe hasken rana kuma yana hana photosynthesis, yana kara raunana tsirran. Duk da yake ƙura ba zai kashe tsire-tsire kai tsaye ba, yana rage haɓakar shukar da ingancin amfanin gona gabaɗaya, yana mai da amfanin gona ƙasa da kasuwa.
Yadda ake Hana Cutar Aphid
Rigakafi ita ce hanya mafi kyau don sarrafa aphids. Ta hanyar sarrafa yanayin greenhouse, ta yin amfani da ingantaccen tsarin ƙasa, da sa ido akai-akai, masu shuka za su iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da aphid yadda ya kamata.
* Kiyaye Ingantattun Yanayin Muhalli
Gidajen kore suna ba da kyawawan yanayi don aphids, musamman a cikin yanayi mai dumi, ɗanɗano. Aphids suna bunƙasa a cikin yanayin zafi tsakanin 15 ° C da 30 ° C. Ta hanyar sarrafa zafin jiki da zafi a hankali, masu shuka za su iya rage haifuwar aphid. Ana ba da shawarar kiyaye yanayin greenhouse tsakanin 18 ° C da 25 ° C yayin rana, kuma kula da yanayin zafi tsakanin 50% da 70%.
* Gudanar da Taki da Ruwa
Yin amfani da takin nitrogen da yawa yana haɓaka saurin haɓaka sabbin ganye masu taushi, waɗanda aphids suka fi so. Masu shuka yakamata su daidaita amfani da taki, guje wa yawan nitrogen. Ƙara phosphorus da potassium na iya ƙarfafa tsire-tsire, yana sa su zama masu ban sha'awa ga aphids. Ruwan da ya dace yana da mahimmanci. Yanayin rigar da yawa na iya haɓaka haɓakar aphid, don haka kiyaye jadawalin shayarwa daidai zai iya rage haɗarin.
* Sa ido akai-akai da Ganewar Farko
Ganowa da wuri shine mabuɗin don sarrafa aphids kafin su yaɗu. Masu noma yakamata su rika duba ganyayen matasa akai-akai, bayan ganyen ganye, da mai tushe inda aphids sukan taru. Yin amfani da kayan aiki kamar tarko masu ɗaure da rawaya na iya taimakawa kama ayyukan aphid a matakin farko, yana ba da izinin shiga tsakani akan lokaci.
Abin da za a yi idan an sami Aphids
Da zarar an gano aphids, matakin gaggawa ya zama dole. Anan akwai wasu ingantattun hanyoyi don sarrafa cutar aphid.
* Gudanar da Halittu
Gudanar da ilimin halitta hanya ce mai kore wacce ke rage buƙatar magungunan kashe qwari. Saki na halitta maƙiyan aphids, kamar ladybugs da hoverflies, na iya taimaka sarrafa aphids yawan. A cikin binciken daya, bayan sakin ladybugs a cikin greenhouse, lambobin aphid sun ragu da kashi 60% cikin makonni biyu. Parasitic wasps wani kayan aiki ne mai tasiri. Suna sanya ƙwai a cikin aphids, kuma tsutsansu suna kashe aphids, suna rage haifuwa.
* Sarrafa sinadarai
Magungunan Botanical Insecticides: Magungunan kwari irin su man neem tsantsa ne na halitta wanda ke rushe ci gaban aphid da haifuwa, yana rage yawan jama'a. Man Neem yana da ƙarancin guba kuma yana da alaƙa da muhalli, yana mai da shi babban zaɓi don amfani da greenhouse. Bincike ya nuna cewa man neem na iya rage yawan aphid da kashi 60-70%. Wani fa'ida shi ne cewa man neem ba ya cutar da kwari masu amfani, yana kiyaye ma'aunin muhalli.
Chemical Insecticides: Idan yawan aphid yayi girma da sauri ko kuma kamuwa da cuta ya zama mai tsanani, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu guba na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa yaduwar cutar. Imidacloprid da avermectin sune magungunan kashe kwari guda biyu. Suna aiki ta hanyar tarwatsa tsarin juyayi na aphids, gurgunta su, kuma a ƙarshe suna kashe su. Kula da hankali ga sashi da yawan aikace-aikacen yana da mahimmanci don hana juriya daga haɓakawa. Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci a bi tazarar aminci don tabbatar da cewa ragowar magungunan kashe qwari ba su shafi ingancin amfanin gona ko lafiyar masu amfani ba.
* Keɓewa da Cire
Idan tsire-tsire ɗaya sun kamu da cutar, yana da kyau a ware su kuma cire su don hana aphids yadawa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da aphids ke yada ƙwayoyin cuta. Keɓewa da sauri zai iya taimakawa wajen dakatar da yaduwar cututtuka. Don tsire-tsire masu fama da cutarwa sosai, ana ba da shawarar cire su gaba ɗaya kuma a lalata su don gujewa kamuwa da cututtukan shuke-shuke masu lafiya.
Aphids suna haifar da ƙalubale mai tsanani ga amfanin gona na greenhouse, amma ta hanyar amfani da matakan kariya masu kyau da kuma hanyoyin sarrafawa akan lokaci, za a iya rage lalacewar su. Masu noman kore ya kamata su haɗu da sarrafa muhalli, sarrafa halittu, sarrafa jiki, da hanyoyin sinadarai don sarrafa aphids yadda ya kamata. Makullin shine rigakafin da wuri, sa ido akai-akai, da ɗaukar cikakkun ayyuka a farkon alamar aphids don hana yaduwar su da barkewar su. Ta hanyar bin tsarin kimiyya don magance kwari, masu noman za su iya kare lafiyar amfanin gonakinsu, tabbatar da yawan amfanin gona, da samun ci gaba mai dorewa.
Waya: (0086) 13550100793
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-21-2024
